ABSTRACT
Plant natural products (PNPs) are important sources of innovative drugs. They are mainly obtained by isolation or extraction from plants. Low content and with structural analogues in plants result in high production cost, which restricts the research and application of PNPs. While biopathway construction by synthetic biology provides an alternative for production of PNPs. By biosynthetic pathway analysis of PNPs and reconstructing the biopathway in microorganisms, we can produce PNPs in cell factories efficiently. Recently, several predominantly international reports about biosynthesis of PNPs and its synthetic biology production, triggered the researches of PNPs. Abundant traditional Chinese medicine resources and profound cultural heritage of Chinese medicine make biosynthesis pathway analysis of PNPs to be a research hotspot. And some of the studies have achieved significant progress. Here, recent progress in the biosynthesis of plant natural products and its synthetic biology was reviewed. In particular, the application of new methods and technologies in recent years were summarized and discussed. This will provide reference for the biopathway construction of plant natural products.
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Objective To study antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au-reus(MRSA). Methods A total of 967 no-repetitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)isolated from a hospital between January 2014 and November 2015 were collected,antimicrobial susceptibility testing,mecA gene,and Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene(PVL gene)were detected;staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec)typing,multilocus sequence typing(MLST),S.aureus protein A(spa)gene typing,and S.aureus ac-cessory gene regulator(agr)typing were performed with multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results Of 967 strains of S.aureus,210(21.72%)were MRSA;detection rate of MRSA from sputum specimen was higher than that of skin and soft tissue specimen(68.09% vs 1 1.83% ,P<0.05);vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant S.aureus strains were not found,susceptibility rates of MRSA to gentamicin,tetracycline,erythromycin,clindamycin,levo-floxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,nitrofurantoin,and rifampicin were all lower than those of methicillin-sensi-tive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05);antimicrobial sus-ceptibility rate of MRSA to compound sulfamethoxazole was higher than MSSA,difference was significant(P<0.05). Susceptibility rates of MRSA isolated from skin and soft tissue to gentamicin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and rifampicin were 86.90% -95.24%,while MRSA isolated from sputum were only 1.56% -15.63%.Of 967 strains of S.aureus,210 harbored mecA gene,10 harbored PVL gene,8(3.81%)of 210 MRSA strains weren't typed. The main types of MLST,SCCmec,spa,and agr were ST 239(n= 177 strains),type Ⅲ(n= 177 strains),t 030(n= 177 strains),and typeⅠ(n= 196 strains)respectively.Conclusion The main epidemic clone of MRSA strain in this hospital is ST239-MRSA-SCCmec III-t030,antimicrobial resistance is serious,monitoring on drug-resistant strains in hospital should be strengthened.
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From the perspectives like connotation,characteristics,design idea and realization path,the paper expounds on design of interdisciplinary knowledge service application;taking environmental health field as an example,it introduces the design and development of interdisciplinary knowledge service system function,summarizes the existing problems based on the application effect and puts forward corresponding suggestions.
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Objective To solve the problems of flushing fluid overflow pollution in urinary endoscopy surgery and specimen run-off in flushing fluid.Methods An intraoperative specimen collector was designed and developed.Totally 212 patients were enrolled and divided into the experimental group (n=106) and the control group (n=106).Effects of application were evaluated by comparing contamination rate due to flushing fluid leakage,degree of patient comfort and degree of nursing satisfaction.Results Contamination rate due to flushing fluid leakage in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Degree of patient comfort and degree of nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of intraoperative specimen collector in urinary endoscopy surgery can effectively reduce pollution of staff and environment in operating room,improve retention rate of surgical specimen,increase patient comfort and satisfaction,and guarantee the success of the surgery.
ABSTRACT
Objective To solve the problems of flushing fluid overflow pollution in urinary endoscopy surgery and specimen run-off in flushing fluid.Methods An intraoperative specimen collector was designed and developed.Totally 212 patients were enrolled and divided into the experimental group (n=106) and the control group (n=106).Effects of application were evaluated by comparing contamination rate due to flushing fluid leakage,degree of patient comfort and degree of nursing satisfaction.Results Contamination rate due to flushing fluid leakage in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Degree of patient comfort and degree of nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of intraoperative specimen collector in urinary endoscopy surgery can effectively reduce pollution of staff and environment in operating room,improve retention rate of surgical specimen,increase patient comfort and satisfaction,and guarantee the success of the surgery.